Differences In Budgeting Process Between Public And Private Sectors - 550 Words

The Major Differences In The Budgeting Process Between The Public And Private Sectors (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructors nameCourseDateThe Major Differences in the Budgeting process between the Public and Private sectorsBudgeting is used as an instrument that sets a target and assigns funds according to the requirement of the target put forth, evaluate the on movement of a target, and single out shortcomings in firms and administration it supervises and combine all activities (Lee, Johnson, and Joyce 2). Budgeting is necessary in our day to day life so as to ensure accountability of our actions. This paper examines the major differences in the budgeting process between the public and the private sector. It brings out the difference between public and private sector by using the budgeting process as a tool for differentiation.Public and private sector have different purpose. The purpose acts as a determinant to the amount of asset that is needed. Public and private environment differs in that the sums of assets accessible for distribution in the budget are difference thus they are both restrained by obtainable assets irrespective of their size. Private sector has limited input hence less or equal output. To enlarge the level of manufacture and labor so as to increase the level output several means can be employed such as obtaining money from lenders or taking up another task though chances for income increment are less. Government on the other hand is more limited to the use of assets since it is not allowed to fully utilize the assets unless there is crisis. (Lee, Johnson, and Joyce 2).The force that results to budget decision differs in private and public sector. Private sector is distinguished by profit motive as government can get involve in things that are not profitable. Private sectors consider successful resolutions to be the ones that are beneficial. In some cases they may run at a loss so as to be able to compete with other firms or protect their business from being taken over. Government success is gauged according to end product and resu lts for example the case of tropical disease eradication program conducted by U. S. A. due to public demand can be used to gauge the competence of performance and the degree of achievement (Lee, Johnson, and Joyce 3).The way both private and public sector provide services, as Lee, Johnson, and Joyce (5) posits, also differs in that government services are used by the society at large while private services are utilized by firms and particular people. Everybody gains from public good willingly or unwillingly free of charge and one persons use do not reduce another persons use for example a countrys army will defend the entire nation irrespectiv...

The Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki - Free Essay Example

During the final months of the second world war, the only two nation still at war were the United States and the empire of Japan. Both countries were suffering heavy casualties, and the United States decided to bring a swift and effective end to the war. On August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic weapon used in combat, nicknamed the Little Boy, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, after no Japanese surrender, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, nicknamed the Fat Man on the city of Nagasaki. The bombs killed approximately 140,000 people and destroyed several square miles each upon their detonations, which brought the Japanese to finally surrender. Without the use of the bombs, it is highly possible that the war would have continued on for an unknown amount of time, resulting in an even higher death toll. Therefore, the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were entirely necessary in order to bring World War Two to an end. The United States began the development of atomic weaponry after discovering German scientists were attempting to split the atom and release the energy that held it together. This process is known as nuclear fission, and is the reason an atomic bomb can do the amount of destruction that it does. President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Manhattan Project on December 28th, 1942, which brought together important scientists to research and develop a nuclear weapon before Germany could. The first atomic bomb, nicknamed Gadget, was tested on July 16th, 1945 in the deserts of Alamogordo, New Mexico. This became known as the Trinity test. The bomb exploded with the force of approximately 18 kilotons of TNT. Originally, the United States planned to threaten Germany with the atomic bombs. However, once Germany surrendered to the Allies on May 7th, 1945, the only country still at war was Japan. In July of 1945, President Harry S Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration, which warned the Japanese empire to surrender or face prompt and utter destruction. After ignoring the declaration, the United States decided to use the atom bombs they had developed. After dropping the bombs, Emperor Hirohito and his advisors finally decided to surrender to the United States on August 15th, 1945, marking the end of the second world war. Without the usage of the atomic bombs in Japan, it is very likely that the casualties may have been drastically higher than those of the bombings. Karl T. Compton was a physicist during World War Two that was involved with many scientific projects, including heading the D Division of the National Defense Research Committee, which researched detection technologies, which included radar, fire control and heat radiation. Compton went on to become the scientific advisor to General Douglas MacArthur. After studying the atomic bombing, Compton came to the conclusion that it was entirely necessary for the United States to drop the atom bombs on Hiroshima and Japan. In his letter to President Truman, titled If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used, Compton begins by interviewing a Japanese Army officer. The officer told Compton that if the bombs had not been dropped and a land invasion (which was the planned alternative to the atomic bombs) had happened, the Japanese army would have continued to fight until all Japanese were killed,but we would not have been defeated. The officer explains that the Japanese people consider surrendering to the enemy extremely disgraceful, and that they would much rather die than need to surrender. This was the reason that the Japanese continued to fight, despite losing Germany and Italy as allies in the months leading up to the atomic bombings. This gave Compton reason to believe that the atomic bombs actually saved the lives of thousands of Americans and Japanese, and that they were the only reason World War Two ended as quickly as it did. Compton then provides Truman with information that proves that the bombs were not the deadliest attack on Japan. During the B-29 incendiary raids over Tokyo, an estimated 225,000 people were killed in total, a much higher rate of casualties than that of the atom bombs. The Tokyo air raids also destroyed approximately 85 square miles of city, whereas the atomic bombing of Hiroshima only destroyed about 5 square miles, a drastically smaller amount of damage. After comparing the Tokyo incendiary raids with the atomic bombs, Compton returns to the idea of a beach invasion in Japan. According to General MacArthurs staff, an invasion of Japan would result in approximately 50,000 American casualties and several times that number of Japanese casualties. It was highly likely that the Japanese would defend their homeland much more forcefully than when the United States invaded Iwo Jima and Okinawa. General MacArthur goes on to talk about how if the Japanese government was overthrown and lost all control over its people, soldiers may result to guerilla warfare in the Japanese Alps, which gave way to the possibility of the war lasting for up to a decade longer. Another argument that Compton makes is that many of the Japanese citizens did not want to surrender.